SCOTUS Snapshot: Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump and Trump v. V.O.S. Selections

Today, the Supreme Court heard oral arguments in two consolidated cases brought by small businesses and 12 states. These cases challenge President Trump’s authority to impose tariffs on goods imported into the United States.

Legal Basis for Tariffs

President Trump invoked the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) as the basis for imposing the tariffs. He claims IEEPA grants the president power to respond to unusual and extraordinary threats to national security, foreign policy, or the U.S. economy, including those partially originating abroad.

The Act allows the president, during a national emergency, to regulate the import or export of property in which a foreign country has an interest.

Impact of the Decision

This ruling will affect every American consumer and business, as well as all foreign countries trading with the United States.

Arguments from Both Sides

Trump administration: The tariffs are covered under IEEPA, as "the power to regulate importation includes the power to impose tariffs."
Challengers: Interpreting IEEPA as granting tariff authority violates the major questions doctrine, which requires clear congressional authorization before the president can make major economic decisions.

"The major questions doctrine bars the president from making economic decisions without clear authorization from Congress."

The outcome will clarify the scope of presidential power under IEEPA in the context of trade and national emergencies.

Author's summary: The Supreme Court case will determine if President Trump's tariff powers under IEEPA exceed proper limits, impacting U.S. trade policies and executive authority.

Independent Women's Forum — 2025-11-05