## Zambia
### Key Facts
- **Population:** 21.13 million
- **GDP:** 25.91 billion USD
- **Debt:** 115.2% of GDP (2023)
### Overview
Zambia, a landlocked country in southern Africa, continues to face considerable economic challenges rooted in debt and dependency on commodity exports. With a population exceeding 21 million, the nation’s economy—valued at roughly 26 billion USD—remains under pressure from high public debt levels that reached over 115% of GDP in 2023. Despite fiscal constraints, Zambia maintains significant potential in agriculture, mining, and renewable energy.
### Economic Outlook
The Zambian government has implemented reforms aiming to stabilize public finances and attract foreign investment. Progress depends on successful debt restructuring, sustained copper production, and diversification beyond the mining sector. International support and domestic policy efficiency remain crucial for achieving economic resilience.
> “Zambia’s fiscal recovery hinges on prudent resource management and effective engagement with creditors.”
***
**Author’s Summary:** Zambia’s economy faces heavy debt and fiscal pressure but holds growth promise through reform, investment, and economic diversification.
more
Africa Confidential — 2025-11-28